Greenland: first settled by Paleo‑Inuit (Saqqaq ~2500 BCE), later Dorset cultures. Norse (Erik the Red) founded colonies c.985 that disappeared by the 1400s; Thule Inuit arrived ~1200s and are ancestors of today’s Kalaallit.
Denmark’s colonial influence grew (missionary Hans Egede 1721; formal ties 19th century). WWII brought Allied activity. Home Rule began 1979 and expanded to Self‑Rule in 2009. Today Nuuk is the capital; Greenland faces warming, resource interest, and cultural revival.